COMPARISON OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2013 CURRICULUM AND THE MERDEKA CURRICULUM IN INDONESIAN SCHOOLS: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE TRANSITION PERIOD TOWARDS A SINGLE NATIONAL CURRICULUM
Keywords:
2013 Curriculum, Independent Curriculum, implementation, curriculum transition, Indonesian educationAbstract
This study is a literature review that discusses the comparison of the implementation of the 2013 Curriculum and the Merdeka Curriculum in Indonesian schools during the transition period towards a single national curriculum. The background of this study is based on the dynamics of national curriculum changes that aim to improve the quality of education and adapt education to the needs of the times. The study aims to analyse the main similarities and differences between the 2013 Curriculum, known for its standardised structure, thematic learning, and administrative assessment, and the Merdeka Curriculum, which offers flexibility, character development through the Pancasila Student Profile, project-based learning, and more reflective assessment. The research method used is a literature review with content analysis of relevant literature, policy documents, and research findings. The results indicate that the 2013 Curriculum emphasizes the regularity and uniformity of the learning process, while the Merdeka Curriculum provides greater freedom for innovation, educational autonomy, and a focus on character development and critical thinking skills among students. The transition to a single national curriculum presents challenges in terms of resource readiness, teacher training, and differences in infrastructure and understanding across regions. The research conclusions emphasise the importance of socialisation, equitable training, and policy support during the transition process to ensure that national educational goals are achieved optimally across all educational institutions.
Downloads
References
Akib, E. (2020). Study on Implementation of Integrated Curriculum in Indonesia. International Journal of Recent Educational Research, 1(1), 39–57. https://doi.org/10.46245/ijorer.v1i1.24
Alam, A. A., & Dewi, A. E. R. (2024). Integration of Education in Human Resource Development: Transformation of the Human Resource Management Paradigm. Maneggio, 1(3), 55–70. https://doi.org/10.62872/8c26aw59
Ali, A. I. (2024). Quality Assurance System Policy in Education: A Comparative Study between Indonesia and Finland. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Pendidikan, 5(2), 97–110. https://doi.org/10.21831/jppp.v5i2.887
Aminullah, A., & Dewi, E. R. (2024). The Role of Curriculum and Human Resource Management in Responding to Global Education Challenges. Maneggio, 1(2), 88–102. https://doi.org/10.62872/hj51dt93
Aslan. (2017). Kurikulum Bagi Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (ABK). Jurnal Studia Insania, 5(2), 105–119. https://doi.org/10.18592/jsi.v5i2.1358
Aslan, A. (2016). Kurikulum Pendidikan Vs Kurikulum Sinetron. Khazanah: Jurnal Studi Islam Dan Humaniora, 14(2), 135–148.
Aslan, A. (2023). KURIKULUM PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI SEKOLAH DASAR. JURNAL PENDIDIKAN DAN KEGURUAN, 1(1), 1–17.
Aslan & Wahyudin. (2020). Kurikulum dalam Tantangan Perubahan. Bookies Indonesia. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cluster=17745790780728460138
Astuti, N., & Pramudito, D. E. (2025). Kurikulum PJOK Berbasis Kearifan Lokal. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Dan Olahraga, 7(1), 33–42. https://doi.org/10.21009/jpjo.v7i1.301
Astuti, S. E. P., Aslan, A., & Parni, P. (2023). OPTIMALISASI PERAN GURU DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN KURIKULUM 2013 DI MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH SWASTA. SITTAH: Journal of Primary Education, 4(1), 83–94. https://doi.org/10.30762/sittah.v4i1.963
Daga, A. T. (2020). Kebijakan Pengembangan Kurikulum di Sekolah Dasar (Sebuah Tinjauan Kurikulum 2006 hingga Kebijakan Merdeka Belajar). Jurnal Edukasi Sumba, 4(2), 103–110.
Eliyah, E., & Aslan, A. (2025). STAKE’S EVALUATION MODEL: METODE PENELITIAN. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Indonesia, 3(2), Article 2.
Fitria, N. (2024). Implementation of the Ultimum Remedium Principle in Resolving Medical Disputes. Delegalata: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 9(1).
Hidayah, I., & Rahmawati, Y. (2022). Project-Based Learning untuk Mendukung Kurikulum Merdeka. Biosfer: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, 10(2), 106–119. https://doi.org/10.21009/biosferjpb.v10i2.10936
Hikmawati, N. (2022). Timeline of Curriculum Policy in Indonesia. Idarah: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan, 6(2), 101–111. https://doi.org/10.22373/idarah.v6i2.524
Hodijah, A. S., & Nugraha, M. S. (2025). Strategi Pengelolaan Kurikulum dalam Peningkatan Kualitas Pendidikan di MIN 2 Kota Bandung. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan, 5(1), 124–133. https://doi.org/10.31602/jmpd.v5i1.15645
Indarta, Y., Jalinus, N., Waskito, W., Samala, A. D., Riyanda, A. R., & Adi, N. H. (2022). Relevansi Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar dengan Model Pembelajaran Abad 21 dalam Perkembangan Era Society 5.0. Edukatif: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 4(2), 3011–3024.
Jenita, J., Nurdiana, R., Kurniawan, I. M. G. A., Darnilawati, D., & Triwardhani, D. (2022). Optimizing Human Resources Management for Higher Education in the Era of Implementing an Independent Curriculum in Indonesia. Jurnal Iqra’, 7(2), 246–259. https://doi.org/10.25217/ji.v7i2.1803
Kristiyuana, K., Wuriningsih, F. R., Idammatussilmi, I., & Agung, A. (2025). Reforming Pedagogy in Indonesian Primary Schools: A Five-Year Systematic Review of Differentiated Instruction, Project-Based Learning, and Formative Assessment (2020–2025). Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan, 10(2), 1694–1705. https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v10i2.3413
Kusmawan, A., Rahman, R., Anis, N., & Arifudin, O. (2025). The Relationship Between Teacher Involvement in Curriculum Development and Student Learning Outcomes. International Journal of Educatio Elementaria and Psychologia, 2(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.70177/ijeep.v2i1.1890
Lestari, K., & Yusuf, M. (2025). Efektivitas Kurikulum Interdisipliner untuk SD. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Berkeadilan, 6(2), 171–180. https://doi.org/10.15408/jpdb.v6i2.550
Lestari, N. A. (2023). Landasan Pengembangan Kurikulum Pendidikan di Indonesia. Jurnal Dirosah Islamiyah, 3(2), 103–125. https://doi.org/10.47467/jdi.v3i2.324
Lestari, N. A. P., & Habibah, N. (2023). Policy Analysis of the Implementation of Merdeka Curriculum in Indonesia. International Journal of Elementary Education, 7(3), 255–265. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijee.v7i3.64103
Maulidina, I. F. (2024). Peran Pembelajaran Proyek dalam Kurikulum Merdeka. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Abad 21, 6(2), 78–98. https://doi.org/10.54371/jipa.v6i2.506
Maulina, M. (2021). Students’ Sentence Errors on WhatsApp Daily Status: A Literature Review. Klasikal: Journal of Education, Language Teaching and Science, 1(1).
Muchlip, C. (2023). Analisis Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Manusia pada Lembaga Pendidikan Menyongsong Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka. In Dalam Hayati, R. et al.
Muharrom, M., Aslan, A., & Jaelani, J. (2023). IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM MERDEKA BELAJAR PADA PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI SMK PUSAT KEUNGGULAN SMK MUHAMMADIYAH SINTANG. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Kearifan Lokal, 3(1), 1–13.
Paramita, E., Aminullah, A., Ratnasari, D., & Husna, A. (2025). Transformasi Perkembangan Kurikulum di Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran Indonesia (JPPI), 5(1), 169–184. https://doi.org/10.53299/jppi.v5i1.976
Prastowo, A. (2023). Profil Pelajar Pancasila dan Inovasi Kurikulum di Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Karakter, 13(1), 122–134. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpk.v13i1.60826
Pratama, A. R. (2024). Perubahan Kebijakan Kurikulum Nasional 2021–2023. Jurnal Kebijakan Dan Administrasi Pendidikan, 15(2), 147–157. https://doi.org/10.34125/jkap.v15i2.3249
Rahmadayanti, D., & Hartoyo, A. (2022). Potret Kurikulum Merdeka, Wujud Merdeka Belajar di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Basicedu, 6(4), 7174–7187.
Sari, F. D. & Rugaiyah. (2024). Implementation of the School Curriculum to Empower Education in the Digital Era 4.0 for Quality Human Resources. International Journal of Recent Educational Research, 5(3), 765–778. https://doi.org/10.46245/ijorer.v5i3.607
Setiawan, H. S. (2018). Pelatihan Guru dalam Penggunaan Internet of Things pada Madrasah Darussa’adah. E-Dimas: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat.
Syarifah, S. (2023). Curriculum Management in Improving the Quality of Religious Education. Nidhomul Haq, 8(2), 197–210. https://doi.org/10.32332/nh.v8i2.4132
Utami, Y. P. (2022). The Educational Curriculum Reform in Indonesia. SHS Web of Conferences, 119, 01041. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202211901041
Widodo, S. (2020). Pengembangan Kurikulum Berbasis Kompetensi dalam Pembangunan SDM. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan, 13(1), 23–38.
Yuliza, Y. (2022). Education Planning Curriculum Based on Technology. Jurnal Pengembangan Pendidikan, 4(1), 23–35. https://doi.org/10.32678/jpp.v4i1.642
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdul Wahab Syakhrani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
